Dual Resolver

In some cases, your module descriptions (i.e. Ivy files, Maven POMs) are located separately from the module artifacts (i.e. jars). So what can you do about it?

Use a Dual resolver! And this tutorial will show you how.

Project description

Let’s have a look at the src/example/dual directory in your Ivy distribution. It contains a build file and 3 directories:

  • settings: contains the Ivy settings file

  • repository: a sample repository of Ivy files

  • project: the project making use of Ivy with dual resolver

The dual project

The project is very simple and contains only one simple class: example.HelloIvy It depends on two libraries: Apache commons-lang and Apache commons-httpclient.

Here is the content of the project:

  • build.xml: the Ant build file for the project

  • ivy.xml: the Ivy project file

  • src/example/HelloIvy.java: the only class of the project

Let’s have a look at the ivy.xml file:

<ivy-module version="1.0">
    <info organisation="org.apache" module="hello-ivy"/>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency org="commons-httpclient" name="commons-httpclient" rev="2.0.2"/>
        <dependency org="commons-lang" name="commons-lang" rev="2.6"/>
    </dependencies>
</ivy-module>

As you can see, nothing special here…​ Indeed, Ivy’s philosophy is to keep Ivy files independent of the way dependencies are resolved.

The Ivy settings

The Ivy settings are defined in the ivysettings.xml file located in the settings directory. Here is what it contains, followed by an explanation.

<ivysettings>
    <settings defaultResolver="dual-example"/>
    <resolvers>
        <dual name="dual-example">
            <filesystem name="ivys">
                <ivy pattern="${ivy.settings.dir}/../repository/[module]-ivy-[revision].xml"/>
            </filesystem>
            <ibiblio name="ibiblio" m2compatible="true" usepoms="false"/>
        </dual>
    </resolvers>
</ivysettings>

Here we configured one resolver, the default one, which is a dual resolver. This dual resolver has two sub resolvers: the first is what is called the "ivy" or "metadata" resolver of the dual resolver, and the second one is what is called the "artifact" resolver. It is important that the dual resolver has exactly two sub resolvers in this given order.

The metadata resolver, here a filesystem one, is used only to find module descriptors, in this case Ivy files. The setting shown here tells Ivy that all Ivy files are in the repository directory, named according to the pattern: [module]-ivy-[revision].xml. If we check the repository directory, we can confirm that it contains a file named commons-httpclient-ivy-2.0.2.xml. This file matches the pattern, so it will be found by the resolver.

The artifact resolver is simply an ibiblio one, configured in m2compatible mode to use the Maven 2 repository, with usepoms="false" to make sure it won’t use Maven 2 metadata. Note that this isn’t necessary, since the second resolver in a dual resolver (the artifact resolver) is never asked to find module metadata.

Walkthrough

Step 1 : Preparation

Open a shell (or command line) window, and go to the dual directory.

Step 2 : Clean up

On the prompt type : ant

This will clean up the entire project directory tree (compiled classes and retrieved libs) and the Ivy cache. You can run this each time you want to clean up this example.

Step 3 : Run the project

Go to the project directory. And simply run ant.

[ivy@apache:/ivy/dual/project]$ ant
Buildfile: /ivy/dual/project/build.xml

resolve:
[ivy:retrieve] :: Apache Ivy 2.5.1-local-20221102182706 - 20221102182706 :: https://ant.apache.org/ivy/ ::
[ivy:retrieve] :: loading settings :: file = /ivy/dual/settings/ivysettings.xml
[ivy:retrieve] :: resolving dependencies :: org.apache#hello-ivy;working@apache
[ivy:retrieve] 	confs: [default]
[ivy:retrieve] 	found commons-httpclient#commons-httpclient;2.0.2 in ivys
[ivy:retrieve] 	found commons-logging#commons-logging;1.0.4 in ibiblio
[ivy:retrieve] 	found commons-lang#commons-lang;2.6 in ibiblio
[ivy:retrieve] downloading https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/commons-httpclient/commons-httpclient/2.0.2/commons-httpclient-2.0.2.jar ...
[ivy:retrieve] ............... (220kB)
[ivy:retrieve] .. (0kB)
[ivy:retrieve] 	[SUCCESSFUL ] commons-httpclient#commons-httpclient;2.0.2!commons-httpclient.jar (187ms)
[ivy:retrieve] downloading https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/commons-lang/commons-lang/2.6/commons-lang-2.6.jar ...
[ivy:retrieve] ................... (277kB)
[ivy:retrieve] .. (0kB)
[ivy:retrieve] 	[SUCCESSFUL ] commons-lang#commons-lang;2.6!commons-lang.jar (136ms)
[ivy:retrieve] downloading https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/commons-logging/commons-logging/1.0.4/commons-logging-1.0.4.jar ...
[ivy:retrieve] .... (37kB)
[ivy:retrieve] .. (0kB)
[ivy:retrieve] 	[SUCCESSFUL ] commons-logging#commons-logging;1.0.4!commons-logging.jar (96ms)
[ivy:retrieve] :: resolution report :: resolve 370ms :: artifacts dl 427ms
	---------------------------------------------------------------------
	|                  |            modules            ||   artifacts   |
	|       conf       | number| search|dwnlded|evicted|| number|dwnlded|
	---------------------------------------------------------------------
	|      default     |   3   |   3   |   1   |   0   ||   3   |   3   |
	---------------------------------------------------------------------
[ivy:retrieve] :: retrieving :: org.apache#hello-ivy
[ivy:retrieve] 	confs: [default]
[ivy:retrieve] 	3 artifacts copied, 0 already retrieved (534kB/8ms)

run:
    [mkdir] Created dir: /ivy/dual/project/build
    [javac] Compiling 1 source file to /ivy/dual/project/build
     [java] standard message : Hello Ivy!
     [java] capitalized by org.apache.commons.lang.WordUtils : Hello Ivy!
     [java] Nov. 02, 2022 6:27:16 NACHM. org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpMethodBase processRedirectResponse
     [java] WARNUNG: Redirect from protocol http to https is not supported
     [java] head status code with httpclient: 301
     [java] now check if httpclient dependency on commons-logging has been realized
     [java] found logging class in classpath: interface org.apache.commons.logging.Log

BUILD SUCCESSFUL
Total time: 1 second

As you can see, Ivy not only downloaded commons-lang and commons-httpclient, but also commons-logging. Indeed, commons-logging is a dependency of httpclient, as we can see in the httpclient Ivy file found in the repository directory:

<ivy-module version="1.0">
    <info
        organisation="commons-httpclient"
        module="commons-httpclient"
        revision="2.0.2"
        status="release"
        publication="20041010174300"/>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency org="commons-logging" name="commons-logging" rev="1.0.4" conf="default"/>
    </dependencies>
</ivy-module>

So everything seemed to work. The Ivy file was found in the repository directory and the artifacts have been downloaded from ibiblio.

This kind of setup can be useful if you don’t want to rely on the Maven 2 repository for metadata, or if you want to take full advantage of Ivy files for some or all modules. Combining chain and dual resolvers should give you enough flexibility to meet almost any requirement.

For full details about the dual resolver, have a look at the corresponding reference documentation.